Da audácia ao pragmatismo
política externa bolivariana e o Mercado Internacional de Petróleo (2007-2012)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21530/ci.v14n1.2019.853Abstract
The article relates the particularities of the international oil market with the potentialities
and limitations of the foreign policy projected and exercised by Venezuela during the third
presidential term of Hugo Chávez (2007-2012). It seeks, therefore, to present and problematize
the specificities of Venezuelan oil revenue and, in particular, its implications for its foreign
policy. The analysis addresses the “pendulum effects” that the petrodollars caused in the
international action taken by the Caribbean country: in the first two years of the period, the
historic high of the commodity allowed Venezuelans to consolidate innovative and ambitious
Regional Integration actions, which culminated in an increase in the presence and political
weight of the country, especially in Central America and the Caribbean. However, in the
ensuing period, the pronounced devaluation of the fuel balanced the “oil diplomacy” in
favor of a more pragmatic approach to oil commercialization. In this context, the limits and
possibilities of the Sino-Venezuelan approach, as well as the commercial interdependence
established between Venezuela and United States of America, are studied. The conclusion is
that, despite its disruptive purpose, the foreign policy actions undertaken by the Bolivarians
were limited to the sometimes expressive, sometimes insufficient, resources obtained from
oil trade.
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