Cooperação Internacional, Desenvolvimento Ultramar, Assistência Estrangeira: breve revisão histórica e bibliográfica sobre a ajuda externa oficial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21530/ci.v12n1.2017.584Keywords:
Ajuda externa, foreign aid, cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, cooperação bilateral, organismos multilaterais.Abstract
Este artigo se presta a introduzir o leitor ao conceito, histórico, principais instituições e debates contemporâneos sobre o fenômeno da ajuda externa oficial (foreign aid, em inglês) – que alguns preferem tratar de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, ainda que tais termos não sejam exatamente sinônimos, como se verá. A literatura trabalhada sugere que o debate contemporâneo em torno da ajuda externa oficial possa ser reduzido a duas frentes: a frente dos que buscam as motivações para doar e a frente dos que medem o impacto das doações. Chamamos a atenção, ao final deste trabalho, para o fato de que a maior parte da literatura disponível foi escrita por pesquisadores de países que fazem parte da comunidade de doadores, e é esta a literatura que embasa e orienta as ações das agências de cooperação. Há pouco material que analise a ajuda externa sob a ótica dos países receptores e parte do existente é bastante crítica a tal forma de ajuda. Sugere-se a necessidade de desenvolver mais esses tipos de trabalho.
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