Las Reformas Económicas de China y la Geopolítica del Petróleo: un análisis de política exterior a la luz de la cuestión energética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21530/ci.v13n3.2018.819Resumo
El objetivo de este artículo es, a partir de la evolución de la estructura energética de China, evaluar los distintos delineamientos de su política exterior y las implicaciones geopolíticas de su diplomacia. Después de dilucidar antecedentes históricos, el recorte temporal empleado será enfático a partir de 1993 – cuando el país asiático se convierte en importador neto de petróleo – hasta años recientes, mostrando los impactos y desdoblamientos de décadas de reformas de apertura, modernización económica y transformaciones productivas. La hipótesis operada en este trabajo es que la sinergia entre la evolución de los lazos bilaterales chinos y su respectiva política para el sector energético (específicamente el petrolero) se encuentra correlacionada en parte al empleo estratégico de su poderío económico para mitigar vulnerabilidades externas a su ascenso . Como objetos de consulta para validación analítica empírica y sustantiva, haré uso de informes de agencias de energía y de las propias firmas petroleras, y también datos secundarios. La conclusión encontrada es que la expansión económica china en continentes como América Latina, África y Oriente Medio posee un fuerte condicionante directo en su dependencia por recursos naturales, con la energía, en particular, dictando el tono para una diplomacia más asertiva.
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