![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Rev. Carta Inter., Belo Horizonte, v. 14, n. 2, 2019, p. 5-26
21
Marcos Costa Lima; Deisiane Valdevino; Pedro Fonseca
a China definiu a Rússia como uma “prioridade em sua diplomacia” quando da
publicação de seu Livro Branco intitulado China’s Policies on Asia-Pacific Security
Cooperation. A ampla parceria estratégica de coordenação entre a China e a Rússia
passa a ocupar uma posição especial na diplomacia do pensamento de Xi Jinping
sobre o Socialismo com características chinesas para uma nova era.
Além da área militar, o setor energético é outra importante área na qual a
parceria China-Rússia tem se ampliado e aprofundado. Desde a assinatura do
“Tratado de Boa Vizinhança e Cooperação Amigável”, em 2001, em que os dois
países se comprometeram a ampliar suas relações, que a cooperação energética
cresceu significativamente, envolvendo não apenas o comércio de recursos
energéticos, mas, também, investimentos relacionados à energia, participação
acionária, desenvolvimento de infraestrutura e intercâmbio de tecnologia.
A questão energética, nesse aspecto, tem sido utilizada como um eficaz
instrumento de política para lidar com os desafios imediatos, como a crise da
Ucrânia e as disputas do Mar do Sul da China. Dessa forma, pontua os autores,
cooperação em energia ajudou os dois países a adotarem posições comuns em
relação a questões não relacionadas à energia e facilitou a interação mais profunda
no longo prazo (YILMAZ & DAKUSUEVA, 2017).
Como mencionado acima, o relacionamento China-Rússia no setor energético
começou a melhorar nos últimos anos em resposta a uma série de desafios
geopolíticos e geoeconômicos. Geopoliticamente, tanto a China quanto a Rússia vêm
enfrentando grandes desafios em suas periferias próximas. No Mar do Sul da China,
as disputas territoriais tornam-se cada vez mais complicados e multilateralizadas,
com atividades crescentes de países da região e de atores externos, como os Estados
Unidos, Japão e Índia, o que representa um grande desafio para a China.
Além disso, sob a estratégia de “reequilíbrio em relação à Ásia”, Washington
reforçou sua rede de alianças de segurança e sua presença militar na região da
Ásia-Pacífico. A China, entretanto, procura aumentar as suas capacidades de defesa,
através do desenvolvimento econômico e militar, e promove a iniciativa One Belt,
One Road, projeto que se transforma em poder marítimo e terrestre ampliado.
A Rússia, por sua vez, esteve envolvida em um profundo conflito com os
Estados Unidos e seus aliados europeus pelo enfrentamento com a Ucrânia,
especialmente após a anexação da Crimeia, que obteje uma dura resposta coletiva
ocidental capitaneada pelos EUA em conjunto com seus aliados na OTAN e que
resultou em uma série de sanções econômicas.
Nesse contexto de retaliação por parte do Ocidente à Rússia, o apoio
formal da China tornou-se mais expressivo à medida que as sanções à Rússia se